An amazing story of Muslim justice towards non-Muslims pertains to the conquest of the city of Samarkand.  The Muslim military general Qutayba bin Muslim had not given the residents of Samarkand a choice between accepting Islam, entering into a protective covenant with the Muslims, or to take the risk of fighting, and he forcibly took the city.  Years after the conquest, the people of Samarkand complained with ‘Umar bin Abdulaziz, the then current Muslim Caliph.  Umar, upon hearing their complaint, ordered the Muslim governor of the city to turn it over to the people and vacate it, and then to give the people the three alternatives to choose.  Astounded by this display of instant justice, many of the residents of Samarkand embraced Islam! (Tantawi, Ali, ‘Qasas Min al-Tarikh,’ p. 85)